(1) Primary Memory    Primary Memory holds only those data and instruction on which the computer only working. It has a limited capacity and data is lost when the power is switched off. It is generally made up of semiconductor device. It is divided into two subcategories RAM and ROM. Primary Memory is faster than Secondary Memory.

(2)  Secondary memory This type of memory is also known as external memory or non volatile memory. It is slower than the main memory. this is used for storing data/information permanently. CPU does not accessed  memories instead they accessed input output routines. These are optical and magnetic memories. It is known as backup memories. It is used for storage of data in a computer. 

 Joint Hindu Family Firm

Joint Hindu family firm is a unique firm of business organisation prevailing only in India. This is the firm belonging to joint hindu family and governed by the provisions of the hindu law.

In hindu law there are two schools - 

(1)  Mitakshara    It is applicable to whole of India except the Bengal and Assam according to this school,

a hindu inherits the property from his father, grand father, and great grand father.

thus the three successive generation in the male line inherit the ancestral property.

(2) Dayabhaga   It is applicable in Bengal and Assam. According to this, the male heirs become only on 

the death of the father . 

According to hindu law a business is an inheritable asset. After the death of hindu the business will be jointly owned by all the coparceners. The elder person among the coparceners becomes the new Karta and manages the business. 

 First Generation of Computer (1940 - 1956)

J.P  Eckert and J.W Maischy invested the first  successful  electronic computer called ENIAC, ENIAC stand for electronic integrated and calculator .

It made use of vaccum tubes which  are  the  only electronical component available during those days and require a large cooling system.

The computer were very costly and very big in size, weight about 30 tones and consumed large amount of energy. Very less efficiency and limited programming capabilities. 

Punch cards were used to take inputs. Not reliable and constant maintenance is required.

Commerce Overview   Commerce  refers to the exchange of goods and services between producers and consumers . It encompasses various activities such as buying, selling ,and trading , aimed  as satisfying human needs and wants. Commerce play a vital role in the economic system by facilitating the movements of goods and services from producers to consumers .

 The sole trade organisation (also called proprietorship) is the oldest form of organisation and the most common form of organisation for small business even today.

It is the simplest and easiest to form. What is required is that an individual decides and arranges the necessary capital. 

Required capital maybe mobilised  from his own savings or may be borrowed from friends and relatives .

The business may be carried either in a portion of his own residence or in a rented building. The business generally manages the business on his own .

He enjoy all the profits earned by the business ,so in case of loss naturally he has to bear the full burnt of it.

 The five basic operation that computer performs are accepting data as input , storage of these data , processing of data ,outputting of information and process control 

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