Certainly! Let's define each term in the context of programming with examples:
(i) Loop Statement:
A loop statement is used in programming to execute a block of code repeatedly as long as a specified condition is true. It helps in automating repetitive tasks and iterating over data structures.
Example in Python (Using a `for` loop):
```python
# Printing numbers from 1 to 5 using a for loop
for i in range(1, 6):
print(i)
```
In this example, the `for` loop iterates through the range of numbers from 1 to 5 and prints each number. The loop will execute 5 times, printing the numbers 1 to 5.
(ii) N-dimensional Arrays:
N-dimensional arrays, often denoted as N-D arrays, are data structures that can hold multiple elements. A one-dimensional array is a list, a two-dimensional array is a matrix, and arrays with more than two dimensions are called N-dimensional arrays.
Example in Python (Using NumPy for a 2D array):
```python
import numpy as np
# Creating a 2D array (matrix) using Num Py
matrix = np. array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
# Accessing elements in a 2D array
print(matrix[1, 2]) # Output: 6 (row 1, column 2)
```
In this example, `matrix` is a 2D array containing two rows and three columns. You can access individual elements using row and column indices.
(iii) Logical Operators:
Logical operators are used to perform logical operations on Boolean values (`True` or `False`). Common logical operators include AND (`and`), OR (`or`), and NOT (`not`).
Example in Python (Using logical operators):
```python
# Logical AND operator
x = True
y = False
result _ and = x and y # Result: False
# Logical OR operator
result_or = x or y # Result: True
# Logical NOT operator
result_not = not x # Result: False
```
In this example, the `and` operator returns `False` if any of the operands is `False`. The `or` operator returns `True` if at least one operand is `True`. The `not` operator negates the Boolean value.
(iv) Relational Operators:
Relational operators are used to compare two values or expressions. They return a Boolean value (`True` or `False`) based on the comparison result. Common relational operators include equal to (`==`), not equal to (`!=`), greater than (`>`), less than (`<`), greater than or equal to (`>=`), and less than or equal to (`<=`).
Example in Python (Using relational operators):
```python
# Relational operators
a = 5
b = 10
# Equal to
print(a == b) # Output: False
# Not equal to
print(a != b) # Output: True
# Greater than
print(a > b) # Output: False
# Less than
print(a < b) # Output: True
# Greater than or equal to
print(a >= b) # Output: False
# Less than or equal to
print(a <= b) # Output: True
```
In this example, the relational operators compare the values of `a` and `b`, returning Boolean results based on the specified conditions.
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